European Journal of Development Studies

Effect of Emergency Preparedness on Security in Kenyan Universities: A Case Study of Garissa University

2024-08-01T10:21:22-04:00

Security emergencies and threats have lately been on the increase, with public universities in Kenya reporting many incidents of insecurity. Despite investigation efforts by university management, the high prevalence of insecurity has continued, pointing to the need to determine the relationship between security emergency preparedness and security management in public universities in Kenya. This paper explores the existing types of emergency situations, the existing types of emergency response approaches, and the level of institutional emergency preparedness and their influence on security at Garissa University. Utilizing the emergency Management Theory, the paper points out that the common type of emergency situation in the study institution is terror-related attacks. Training is the common emergency situation response strategy that the university is utilizing in readiness to face emergency situations, and strict checking at the gate is the most common plan that the university has used to deal with emergency situations within its compound and emergency planning in the study institution has enhanced security through control of movement. The study recommends that the university invest in modern and advanced information technology infrastructure and systems to avert incidences of insecurity.

US-China Rivalry in Health Diplomacy: A Case Study of COVID-19 Vaccine in Latin America

2024-06-26T10:12:27-04:00

The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new era of rivalry among Great Powers, driven by their pursuit of economic and geopolitical gains amidst the global health crisis. This journal examines the strategies employed by the United States’ reactions to China’s rising power to expand its influence and access new markets through the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in Latin America. Using J. J. Mearsheimer’s theory of Great Power Rivalry, this study delves into the dynamics of this rivalry, with a particular focus on the Latin American region. The findings reveal that the United States has utilized a combination of balance of power and blackmail tactics to counter China’s growing influence.

The Study of Economic Growth and Tourism Industry in Thailand

2024-05-20T09:31:37-04:00

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between Thailand's tourism industry and its economic growth, while also examining the impact of government education spending, unemployment rates, tourism statistics, free visa policies, trade flow, and GDP. Data spanning 25 years (1995-2019) was collected. Results indicate that visa exemption policies play a crucial role in Thailand's economic growth, particularly in the tourism sector. A positive correlation between trade balance and GDP underscores the importance of maintaining favorable trade conditions for economic expansion. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the necessity of a holistic approach to foster both an effective education system and sustained economic growth in Thailand.

Assessing the Effectiveness of the 10 United Nations Global and Multilateral Climate Treaties

2024-05-13T02:35:04-04:00

International Environmental Agreements (IEAs) have been implemented to address sustainability challenges and encourage international cooperation. The effectiveness of IEAs remains a topic of discussion, particularly in the context of addressing climate change. As CO₂ emissions are influenced by a country’s economic activity and population size, the question of fairness arises when holding nations accountable for their contributions to climate change. The United Nations (UN) has played a significant role in shaping global treaties on climate change and facilitating multilateral negotiations across member nations. While UN-brokered IEAs offer a framework for cooperation and environmental regulation, debates persist regarding the allocation of responsibility and the effectiveness of implementation. This paper examines specific IEAs relating to global climate change and their achievements, limitations, and potential for improvement.

Evaluation of Maturity in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Risks Mitigation and Safety Climate in the Oil and Gas Company, Bojonegoro

2024-04-11T07:16:54-04:00

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has become a rapidly growing instrument worldwide, driven by commitments to enhance environmentally sustainable economic growth as outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement. Companies in Indonesia are increasingly emphasizing the importance of ESG in their business activities due to the potential impact on the environment and society, including the oil and gas companies. Environmental and social risks can affect the sustainability of a company, while safety climate plays a role in the safety and well-being of workers. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach. It also used NOSACQ-50 questionnaires to assess the safety climate and identify environmental and social management system (ESMS) elements using the toolkit from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) at the Bojonegoro oil and gas company. The result of the ESMS IFC matrix concludes that the maturity of Bojonegoro’s oil and gas company in mitigating ESG risks needs to be more prepared to mitigate ESG risks as preparation progresses towards optimal operations, whilst the safety climate has an average score of 3.40, which means that the safety climate can be maintained and developed.