Analysis of the Impact and Labor Absorption of the Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Support Services (YESS) Program on the Business Activity of the Agricultural Sector in Banjar Regency South Kalimantan Province

The crisis of young farmers in the agricultural sector and the dominance of old farmers has consequences for the development of the sustainable agricultural sector, especially on agricultural productivity, market competitiveness, rural economic capacity, and further it will threaten food security and the sustainability of the agricultural sector, one of the government’s efforts to overcome this problem, the Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) implements the Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Development Program in the Agriculture sector through the Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Support Services (YESS) program. This program is a pilot for the regeneration of farmers in rural areas through the provision of facilities and guidance to the younger generation (men and women) to become entrepreneurs or professional workers in the agricultural sector. One of the activities of the YESS Program is competitive fund grants in the form of business capital assistance to agricultural business actors. Banjar Regency is the district with YESS participants as well as the largest number of participants receiving competitive grants in 2021. This study aims to analyze the impact of the YESS program on agricultural business activities in Banjar Regency and analyze the absorption of labor in the agricultural sector that participates in the YESS program in Banjar Regency. The research uses primary and secondary data. Primary data was taken from interviews with the help of questionnaires to participants in Banjar Regency who received competitive grants in 2021 as many as 29 people. Secondary data was taken from SMK PP Negeri Banjarbaru and other related Agencies/Agencies. The analysis used in this study is by testing wilcoxon on indicators of production costs, revenues and profits, and descriptive analysis methods on indicators of business scale, business diversification and labor absorption in the agricultural sector. The results of the study show that the YESS Program has an impact on increasing the number of agricultural businesses in Banjar Regency on the parameters of production costs, revenues, profits, business scale, and business and labor diversification that were able to be absorbed by 29 participants of the YESS Program after receiving the benefits of competitive grants in Banjar Regency of 5,697.69 HOK.

Introduction

One of the sectors that supports Indonesia’s economic growth is the agricultural sector, where in 2020 in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic it was still able to maintain positive growth, where the GDP growth rate of the agricultural sector broadly increased by 1.77% and in 2021 by 1.84% (Darmawan, 2022).

The carrying capacity of economic growth in the agricultural sector is not followed by an increase in crop area, an increase in production and the absorption of the agricultural workforce which is aggravated by a decline in interest in agriculture.

The crisis of young farmers in the agricultural sector and the dominance of old farmers has consequences for the development of the sustainable agricultural sector, especially on agricultural productivity, market competitiveness, rural economic capacity, and further it will threaten food security and the sustainability of the agricultural sector (Susilowati, 2016).

To overcome this problem, the agricultural sector needs to invite the younger generation who have different perspectives on agricultural change and technology implementation. The importance of youth involvement in agricultural production is to achieve greater opportunities to adopt modern agriculture. Millennial farmers are farmers who are around 19–39 years old. The involvement of millennial farmers will increase community innovation. The agricultural sector is also expected to be able to adopt information and digital technology so that the role of millennial farmers will be initiators in the future (Novisma & dan Iskandar, 2022).

The government’s efforts through the Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) to implement the Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Support Services (YESS) program in the Agriculture sector through the Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Support Services (YESS) program.

The YESS program in South Kalimantan began to be implemented in the first phase, namely in 2021, and for activities in that year, especially for competitive grant activities, it was carried out for two years and finally in 2023. The number of participants in the YESS Program in 2021 is 2411, consisting of 442 participants from Tanah Laut Regency, 513 from Tanah Bumbu Regency and the remaining 1456 from Banjar Regency. For competitive grants themselves in 2021 in South Kalimantan, there are 65 people, the most received is Banjar Regency with 29 people and the rest are divided into two (2) districts, namely Tanah Laut Regency and Tanah Bumbu Regency.

Based on this data, the research will be carried out in Banjar Regency, which is the district with the highest number of YESS Program participants in 2021.

Research Objectives

There are two objectives in this study, namely the first is to analyze the impact of the YESS Program on the business activity of the agricultural sector in Banjar Regency and the second is to analyze the absorption of labor in the agricultural sector that participates in the YESS Program in Banjar Regency.

Research Methods

Place and Time of Research

The research was carried out in Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province from April to July 2024.

Types and Data Sources

The types of data used in the study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through a survey method with a questionnaire that had been prepared beforehand, used to collect information from respondents.

Secondary data was obtained from the Banjarbaru Agricultural Development Vocational High School (SMK-PP), the Central Statistics Agency and from other related agencies/agencies.

Sample Withdrawal Method

This study uses a quantitative and qualitative descriptive approach by collecting data from a number of respondents who were interviewed directly to be used as a primary data sample with a tool in the form of a questionnaire. The respondents were 29 people who were recipients of competitive grants in the YESS Program in Banjar Regency in 2021. The technique of withdrawing respondents in the study used the complete enumeration method (census).

Data Analysis

The first objective is to see the impact of the YESS Program by comparing several indicators of the situation before and after participants receive competitive grants, the test is carried out with the Wilcoxon test on the indicators of production costs, receipts and profits while on the indicators of business scale and business diversification using a descriptive analysis method approach. For the second purpose, data analysis was carried out using a descriptive analysis method and presented in the form of a table to describe the absorption of competitive grantee labor in the YESS Program in Banjar Regency. The level of labor absorption is calculated by taking into account the amount of additional labor absorbed in the activity in question. The amount of additional labor is calculated from the value of the Working People’s Day (HOK) from the absorption of labor used in the business activities concerned.

• Production cost:

$$\begin{array}{r}TC=FC+VC\end{array}$$

where

TC – Total Cost

FC – Fixed Cost

VC – Variable Cost

• Acceptance:

$$\begin{array}{r}TR=P\times Q\end{array}$$

where

TR (Total Revenue) – Total Revenue (Rp)

P (Price) – Price (kg/Rp)

Q (Quantity) – Production Quantity (kg)

• Profit/Revenue (Suratiyah, 2015):

$$\begin{array}{r}\pi =RT-TC\end{array}$$

where

π – Revenue (Rp)

TR (Total Revenue) – Total Revenue (Rp)

TC (Total Cost) – Total Production Cost (Rp)

• Rumus Uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test:

$$\begin{array}{r}Z=\frac{J-\mu J}{\sigma J}=\frac{J\frac{n(n+1)}{4}}{\sqrt{\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{24}}}\end{array}$$

where

Z – normal test count

J – small number of levels or ranks

μJ – level level/ranking

σJ – standard deviation of level/ranking

The basis for decision-making can be used based on probability (Asymtotic Significance), where Asymp Value. Sig (2-tailed) > 0.05 then H0 is accepted and Asymp Value. Sig (2-tailed) < 0.05, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted (Santoso, 2012).

Results and Discussion

Characteristics Respondents

Gender

The recipients of the YESS Program Competitive Grant in Banjar Regency in 2021 are dominated by men, 23 people (79.31%) and the rest are women totaling 6 people (20.69%) in Table I.

Table I. Gender of Respondents

No	Gender	Number (people)	Percentage (%)
1.	Woman	6	20.69
2.	Man	23	79.31
	Sum	29	100

Gender is no less important in business. The level of work productivity of men is usually higher than that of women because of the dual roles they have so that the time to do work outside of household chores will be less, and result in low income obtained because they will usually use additional labor to help carry out the business so that it will affect business expenses.

Education Level

The mindset in running a business in the agricultural sector is influenced by education. Respondents with high education tend to have more forward-thinking . This affects the business activities that are carried out, both in terms of the procurement of raw materials and tools, cultivation methods, sales/marketing of business results and the calculation of business analysis which will further affect the income obtained.

From Table II, respondents with the level of Elementary School Education, Diploma 3, and Strata Two each were one person (3.45%), Junior High School Education/equivalent amounted to four people (13.79%), S1, 9 people (31.03) were the most in Senior High School/Equivalent as many as 13 people (44.83%).

Table II. Respondents’ Education Level

No	Education level	Number (people)	Percentage (%)
1.	SD	1	3.45
2.	Junior high	4	13.79
3.	School/Equivalent	13	44.83
4.	High	1	3.45
5.	School/Equivalent	9	31.03
6.	Diploma 3 (D3)	1	3.45
	Strata one (S1)
	One-Side (S2)
	Sum	29	100

Long Time Trying

Long tries to influence the mindset of business actors in carrying out their business activities. The longer you pursue the business field, the more you will increase your knowledge about product shortages and know consumer behavior, as well as be more careful in making decisions to reduce the risks that occur.

From Table III, the most respondents tried for a period of three to five years, as many as 21 people or 72.41%, in the range of six to eight years as many as seven people or 24.14% and the remaining one person (3.45%) are respondents with oyster mushroom cultivation and marketing business, which has been started since 2014, and pioneered by the respondent’s parents.

Table III. Long Time Trying

No	Time attempted (Years)	Number (people)	Percentage (%)
1.	3 s/d 5	21	72.41
2.	6 s/d 8	7	24.14
3.	9 s/d 11	1	3.45
	Sum	29	100

Business Capital

Capital is everything that is attached to the production factors concerned, such as production machinery and equipment, vehicles, and buildings. Capital can also be in the form of funds to purchase all variable inputs that will be used in the business/production process to produce business/production outputs.

Capital is the most important thing, because if the amount is too small than necessary, the business is difficult to run and if it is too large, it will increase the burden of financing. From Table IV, Respondents who have an initial business capital between 45,000,001 to 55,000,000,- and between 55,000,001 to 65,000,000,- one person each, namely for respondents with rice cultivation and marketing businesses, the capital is in the form of rice fields, vehicles, boats, scales, grain/rice warehouses, and grain/rice stocks.

Table IV. Initial Business Capital

No	Initial business capital (Rp)	Number (people)	Percentage (%)
1.	5,000,000 - s/d 15.000.000,-	7	24.13
2.	15,000,001 - s/d 25,000,000	6	20.69
3.	25,000,001 - s/d 35,000,00 -	8	27.59
4.	35,000,001 - s/d 45,000,000	6	20.69
5.	45,000,001 - s/d 55,000,000	1	3.45
6.	55,000,001 - s/d 65,000,000	1	3.45
	Sum	29	100

Amount of Competitive Grant Funds Received

Competitive grants in the YESS Program are assistance in the form of money used for business activities. The amount of competitive grants given is based on the value of assets/capital owned, business development and experience. This grant is given in two stages, but if the use of the first stage of funds is considered unsuccessful and in terms of business reporting is considered poor, the grant cannot be continued in the second stage.

The respondents with the highest amount of grant funds as seen in Table V, ranged from Rp. 95,000,001 to Rp. 105,000,000, namely in rice cultivation and coffee business (cultivation and processing of coffee products). Almost all respondents received two stages of competitive grants (but there were six people who only got one stage, namely Fauzi Rahman) with a local superior durian nursery business, due to the failure of grafting due to weather and floods so that the seedlings sold did not go according to plan, this was also experienced in the citrus nursery business, namely M. Zaini, S.P, The same thing also happened to Muhammad Naufal’s coffee cultivation and processing business, where due to the flood in the Pengaron area, the coffee business condition lacked raw materials.

Table V. Respondents’ Competitive Grant Funds

No	Competitive grant fund (Rp)	Number (people)	Percentage (%)
1.	25,000,001 - s/d 35,000,000	5	17.24
2.	35,000,001 - s/d 45,000,000	3	10.35
3.	45,000,001 - s/d 55,000,000	5	17.24
4.	55,000,001 - s/d 65,000,000	6	20.69
5.	65,000,001 - s/d 75,000,000	4	13.79
6.	75,000,001 - s/d 85,000,000	2	6.90
7.	85,000,001 - s/d 95,000,000	2	6.90
8.	95,00,001 - s/d 105,000,000	2	6.90
	Sum	29	100

The cattle farming business carried out by Wasiah and Moh. Abdi Manaf also only received one grant because it was considered minimal in cattle sales and tended to breeding, while the respondent Muhammad Alief Prastians experienced business losses in the rice sales business, in addition to the technical reasons mentioned above, inactivity in reporting and recording also affected the receipt of funds which was only one stage.

Type of Business

The efforts carried out by the respondents as participants of the YESS Program are diverse, all the efforts carried out are related to the agricultural sector in a broad sense, be it agriculture, livestock or plantations, with various types of businesses ranging from cultivation to product processing.

It is seen in Table VI. The most common type of business is the laying duck business, followed by the goat farming business, rice cultivation and marketing, as well as coffee cultivation and processing business.

Table VI. Type of Respondent’s Business

No	Type of business	Number (people)	Percentage (%)
1	Goat livestock	3	10.34
2	Cultivation of large chili peppers	1	3.45
3	Eggplant cultivation	1	3.45
4	Cattle	2	6.90
5	Oyster mushroom cultivation	1	3.45
6	Laying duck farming	6	20.68
7	Broiler duck farming	1	3.45
8	KUB chicken farming	1	3.45
9	Kencur cultivation and horticultural cultivation	1	3.45
10	Processing and marketing of bokar and deorub	1	3.45
11	Cultivation and marketing of orange seedlings	1	3.45
12	Laying hens	2	6.90
13	Quail cultivation	1	3.45
14	Local superior durian nursery	1	3.45
15	Rice cultivation and its marketing	3	10.34
16	Coffee cultivation and processing	3	10.34

The Impact of the YESS Program on Agricultural Business Activity in Banjar Regency

Production Cost

The costs incurred in producing services or products are production costs, which include all expenses from initial production to sales to consumers, including fixed costs and variable costs.

There were 28 people who experienced an increase in production costs compared to production costs before receiving competitive grants, and there was 1 participant who experienced a decrease in production costs in Table VII. The decrease in production costs occurred in the cattle business, with a respondent named wasiah, where before receiving the Rp. 21,591,250,- while after receiving the grant funds dropped to Rp. 17,725,000,-, this decrease was due to the fact that before getting the competitive grant, the participants had just started a business so that they spent money to buy three cows of Rp. 17,650,000,- even though at that time there was not much labor used.

Table VII. Results of Wilcoxon Test on Production Costs of YESS Program Participants

a. Wilcoxon signed ranks test		N	Mean rank	Sum of ranks
After - Before	Negative ranks	1a	2.00	2.00
	Positive ranks	28b	15.46	433.00
	Ties	0c
	Total	29
With	After - Before
	−4.660b
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)	0.000

Based on the results of statistical tests, where the asymptotic value of sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 or sig ≤ 0.005, it was concluded that the YESS Program had an effect on increasing the production costs of YESS Program participants.

Acceptance

Revenue is income for every rupiah spent in the production business process, or commonly referred to as gross income.

The test results showed that there were 26 respondents who experienced an increase in revenue in Table VIII, while two other respondents actually experienced a decrease in income after receiving competitive grant funds, in addition to that there was one respondent who experienced a fixed income from the business that was run, both before and after receiving funds.

Table VIII. Wilcoxon’s Test Results on the Acceptance of YESS Program Participants

a. Wilcoxon signed ranks test		N	Mean rank	Sum of ranks
After - Before	Negative ranks	2a	3.00	6.00
	Positive ranks	26b	15.38	400.00
	Ties	1c
	Total	29
With	After-Before
	−4.486b
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)	0.000

The decrease in revenue occurred in the goat livestock respondents on behalf of Rifana Ayu Wardhani, the decrease in revenue from the initial value before receiving the grant was Rp. 34,650,000 and after receiving the grant funds dropped to Rp. 23,650,000, this occurred because the stock of goats that were still unsold was 26 heads with an estimated value of Rp. 47,500,000.

The next decrease occurred in laying duck farmers, on behalf of Muhammad Subki from the receipt before receiving the grant of Rp. 276,480,000 decreased to Rp. 271,864,000, the decrease in revenue was due to the duck cage affected by the flood, this resulted in a decrease in the productivity of laying ducks due to stress, and affected the number of eggs produced, where initially with the same number of ducks, namely 400 ducks in one period will produce approximately 115,200 duck eggs, due to ducks experiencing production stress eggs decreased to 96,400 duck eggs. So to anticipate something similar happening, currently the cage has been raised and predicted to be safe from flooding.

Respondents who have a fixed amount of receipts both before and after receiving competitive grants from the YESS Program the respondents are engaged in the cattle business in the name of wasiah, this unchanged receipt is because the number of cows sold is the same at the time the data is taken, which is as many as two cows, although in fact the respondents still have a stock of six cows that have not been sold.

Based on the results of the asymptotic value test sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 or sig ≤ 0.005, it was concluded that the YESS Program had an effect on increasing the acceptance of YESS Program participants.

Advantage

Business profit or better known as net profit or net income is the net result of the difference between all production costs and sales to consumers which is calculated as total revenue minus total production costs.

Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test from Table IX, it is known that there are several respondents who experienced a decrease in profits after receiving competitive grant funds compared to before receiving funds, namely five people, of which two people are the same respondents who experienced a decrease in revenue, namely in the goat and laying duck business, goat farming in the name of Rifana Ayu Wardhani and laying duck farming in the name of Muhammad Subki.

Table IX. Wilcoxon Test Results on the Benefits of YESS Program Participants

a. Wilcoxon signed ranks test		N		Mean rank	Sum of ranks
After - Before	Negative ranks	5a	14.00			70.00
	Positive ranks	24b	15.21			365.00
	Ties	0c
	Total	29
Z	After - Before
	−3.189b
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)	0.001

Three other respondents who experienced a decrease in profits even though the respondent’s income indicator did not experience a decrease in revenue, the respondents were from kencur cultivation and horticultural cultivation on behalf of Hasbiyani Ghani, Muhammad Zaini, S.P in the citrus nursery business and Muhammad Noor in the laying hen business.

Rifana Ayu Wardhani experienced a decrease in profit of Rp. 19,397,000 with a profit before receiving the grant of Rp. 22,880,800 and a profit after receiving the grant of Rp. 3,483,800, this condition was because at the time of data collection, the respondents had not sold all the goats raised, where the stock of goats was still 26 heads. This situation also occurred in other goat farmers, who also had goat stocks at the time of data collection, namely the respondent named Hendra Prasetyo had 42 goats with an estimated selling value of Rp. 106,500,000 and the respondent Defri Rian Sigara who had a stock of 47 goats with an estimated selling value of Rp. 85. 100.000.

Muhammad Subki’s laying duck farming business experienced a decrease in profits, where at the beginning before receiving the grant the profit obtained was Rp. 84,254,000 and after receiving–the funds it became Rp. 62,544,000 so that there was a decrease in profits of Rp. 21,710,000, this is the impact of a decrease in revenue due to the decrease in egg production by ducks, due to the stress experienced by ducks due to floods.

Hasbiyani Ghani experienced a decrease in profits from her business, from Rp. 17,043,600 to Rp. 13,302,500, this is due to the difference in business commodities planted, both before and after receiving the grant, when before receiving the grant, the respondents cultivated kencur plants and after receiving the grant, the respondents cultivated kencur and vegetable crops such as gambas, bitter melon, cucumbers and chickpeas. The change in business was made because the kencur cultivation business carried out after receiving the grant was not continued at the harvesting stage, because the price of kencur decreased, if forced to be harvested, the loss would be greater, because harvesting required a large cost so, respondents switched their business to horticultural cultivation.

Muhammad Zaini, S.P, had a large initial profit before receiving the grant of Rp. 7,304,500 and after receiving the grant decreased to Rp. 3,688,000, this was due to the flood where of the 20,000 sedling stems, 10,000 of which died due to the flood, and more than 3000 ready-to-sell seedlings died due to extreme weather, so that although the receipt tends to increase after receiving the grant funds, But it is not yet comparable to the cost of expenses.

Muhammad Noor in the laying hen business obtained a profit that decreased from Rp. 85,297,00 to Rp. 56,187,000 after receiving the grant funds. This is because in the last business cycle when the data was taken, the number of dead chickens reached 100 out of 500 chickens raised, resulting in a decrease in the number of eggs that could be produced and the number of afkir ducks that could be sold, the death of these chickens was due to disease and when they were still young, many died due to being attacked by predators, namely black hornbill ants, Because currently they are still using ordinary cages, the target in the future will be to use battery cages so that the cage is more kept clean so that the risk of chickens getting sick can be minimized. Based on the results of the asymptotic value test sig. (2-tailed) of 0.002 or sig ≤ 0.005, it was concluded that the YESS Program has an effect on increasing the profits of YESS Program participants.

Business Scale

Business scale is a measure of the ability to manage a business, in the business of YESS participants is known from the increase in the volume of business produced/run in a certain period, namely before and after receiving competitive grants, so that it can be used as an indicator of business development.

The businesses run by YESS Program participants have mostly experienced an increase in business scale, but there are two respondents like as Table X, namely Muhammad Subki in the laying duck business and Muhammad Noor in the laying hen business has not experienced an increase in business scale, but in the future it is planned to increase the number of ducks and chickens raised after the cage is completed, the grant funds received are used for the expansion and repair of the cage, while in the coffee cultivation business on behalf of Mariatul, there was a decrease in the number of coffee sold because after receiving the grant, it no longer sells coffee beans, and the business is focused on selling ready-to-drink packaged coffee and packaged coffee powder, because it is considered more profitable.

Table X. Competitive Grantee Business Scale

No.	Name	Effort	Business scale
			Before	After
1	Hendra Prasetyo	Goat livestock	13 Birds	42 birds
2	Rifana Ayu Y	Goat livestock	5 Tails	26 birds
3	Defri Rian Sigara	Goat Livestock	4 tails	47 birds
4	Hendra	Cultivation of large chili peppers	0.2 Ha	1 Ha
5	Abdul Kholik	Eggplant cultivation	0.5 Ha	1.5 hectares
6	Wasiah	Cattle	3 Tails	8 Tails
7	Fascination. Abdi Manaf	Cattle	3 Tails	6 Tails
8	Ghina Hidayati	Oyster mushroom cultivation	1,200 baglogs	5,000 baglogs
9	Riki Jacob	Laying duck farm	200 birds	700 birds
10	Rizal Fadillah	Laying duck farm	280 birds	400 birds
11	M. Syarwani	Laying duck farm	50 Birds	300 birds
12	Risma AR	Laying duck farm	250 birds	400 birds
13	M. Subki	Laying duck farm	400 birds	400 birds
14	M. Celery	Laying duck farm	75 birds	200 birds
15	Iriansyah	Broiler duck farming	100 birds	500 Heads
16	Haderiansyah	KUB chicken farming	200 birds	500 Heads
17	Hasbani dirt	Kencur cultivation and horticulture	0.2 Ha	1.5 hectares
18	Abdul Rohim	Processing and marketing of bokar and deorub	3 Tons/mgg	7 Tons/mgg
19	M. Zaini, SP	Cultivation and marketing of orange seeds	3,500 rods	9,000 rods
20	M. Noor	Laying hen farming	500 Heads	500 Heads
21	M. Taupik	Laying hen farming	200 birds	500 Heads
22	Rahmawati	Quail cultivation	500 Heads	2,000 birds
23	Fauzi Rahman	Local superior durian nursery	300 rods	500 rods
24	Jumadi	Rice cultivation and marketing	1 Ha	1.8785 Ha
25	M. Anshori	Rice cultivation and marketing	0.5 Ha	2 ha
			3,750 kg of rice	7,932 kg of rice
26	Alief Prastians	Rice cultivation and marketing	0.75 Ha	0.75 Ha
			3,000 kg of grain	6,600 kg of grain
27	Mr. Fikri Abyan	Coffee cultivation and processing	28 Cups/mo	33 Cups/mo
				1 Ha
28	The Groom	Coffee cultivation and processing	500 kg	100 kg
				5 Ha
29	M. Naufal	Coffee cultivation and processing	120 kg	300 kg
			5 Ha	5 Ha

Business Diversification

Business diversification is an activity to increase profits, in terms of business diversification of YESS Program participants seen from the variety of other types of businesses run in addition to the initial business funded from competitive grants or from the variety of other products produced for sale other than the initial product when the same business has not received grants.

The results of the research in Table XI, business diversification of YESS Program participants showed that 13 people did not experience business diversification, while 16 other people experienced business diversification.

Table XI. Business Diversification of Yess Program Participants

No.	Respond	Diversification	Annual turnover (Rp,-)
1	Hendra Prasetyo	Sales of manure, ready-to-eat cooking services	8.000.000
2	Rifana Ayu W	Sale of manure	1.000.000
3	Defri Rian Sigara	Sales of Manure, profit sharing for livestock partners	7.600.000
4	Hendra	Watermelon Cultivation 1 ha	120.000.000
5	Abdul Kholik	Cucumber Cultivation 0.5 ha	17.500.000
6	Wasiah	Sale of manure	1.000.000
7	Ghina Hidayati	Chocolate oyster mushroom cultivation 1,000 baglogs	45.000.000
8	Riki Jacob	52 laying hens	41.620.000
9	M. Syarwani	Sale of Manure	1.400.000
10	Muhammad Saderi	Broiler Chicken Farming 600 Heads	201.600.000
11	Haderiansyah	Quail Livestock 1,400 Heads	129.600.000
12	Abdul Rohim	Lombok Cultivation 1000 Stems	43.000.000
13	Mohammed Zaini	100 Laying Ducks	48.600.000
14	Jumadi	Orange cultivation 2 ha	10.000.000
15	M. Anshori	Trading groceries	12.000.000
16	The Groom	Rubber Farm I ha, 5 Cattle	85.000.000

Labor Absorption in the Agricultural Sector

Labor absorption in the agricultural sector is the large number of workers needed in business activities related to the agricultural sector, calculated through the large value of Labor Day (HOK).

The HOK value is influenced by the addition of working hours/duration of working time, the development of business scale/area and the addition of business types/business diversification, which will ultimately have an impact on the need for additional labor to keep up with the development of the business. It can be seen in Table XII. the increase in the absorption of labor from outside the family reached 145.08%, namely from 2,215.05 HOK increased to 5,428.89 HOK, as well as the number of workers from within the family, from the initial condition before receiving competitive grants of 3,112.17 HOK increased by 18.48% namely 3,687.18 HOK after receiving competitive grant funds. This increase is mostly due to an increase in business scale and diversification.

Table XII. Number of Workers Receiving Competitive Grants

No.	Name	Usaha	Number of workers (HOK)
			Before		After
			DK	LK	DK	LK
1	Hendra Prasetyo	Goat livestock	182.5	0	365	11
2	Rifana Ayu Y	Goat livestock	273.75	0	410.63	0
3	Defri Rian Sigara	Goat livestock	182.5	182.5	91.25	44
4	Hendra	Cultivation of large chili peppers	210	0	28	490
5	Abdul Kholik	Eggplant cultivation	12	0	12	258
6	Wasiah	Cattle	91.25	0	91.25	182.5
7	Moh. Abdi Manaf	Cattle	91.25	0	91.25	91.25
8	Ghina Hidayati	Oyster mushroom cultivation	183	0	183	365
9	Riki Yakub	Laying duck farm	46.63	6.25	45.63	323.75
10	Rizal Fadillah	Laying duck farm	91.25	0	182.5	0
11	M. Syarwani	Laying duck farm	45	0	45.63	91.25
12	Risma AR	Laying duck farm	91.25	0	91.25	0
13	Muhammad Subki	Laying duck farm	182.5	0	91.25	182.5
14	Muhammad Saderi	Laying duck farm	91.25	0	91.25	91.25
15	Iriansyah	Broiler duck farming	91.3	0	91.3	183
16	Haderiansyah	KUB chicken farming	45.6	0	91.3	5
17	Hasbyani Ghani	Kencur cultivation and horticulture	182.5	0	319.38	958.13
18	Abdul Rohim	Processing and marketing of bokar and deorub	254	619	286	1.115
19	M. Zaini. SP	Cultivation and marketing of orange seeds	183	56.3	228	281
20	Muhammad Noor	Laying hen farming	136.88	0	45.63	136.88
21	Muhammad Taupik	Laying hen farming	45	0	45.63	136.88
22	Rahmawati	Quail cultivation	91.25	0	182.5	182.5
23	Fauzi Rahman	Local superior durian nursery	45.63	0	91.25	0
24	Jumadi	Rice cultivation and marketing	0	0	0	0
25	Muhamad Anshori	Rice cultivation and marketing	18	18	36	108
26	Alief Prastians	Rice cultivation and marketing	48	180	60	180
27	M. Fikri Abyan	Coffee cultivation and processing	136.88	1,141	228.3	1,140,6.
28	Mariatul	Coffee cultivation and processing	6	0	108	0
29	Muhammad Naufal	Coffee cultivation and processing	54	12	54	12

Conclusion

1. The YESS program has an impact on increasing the number of agricultural businesses in Banjar Regency on the parameters of business scale, level of diversification, production costs, revenue, and profits.

2. The workforce that was able to be absorbed by 29 participants of the YESS Program after receiving the benefits of competitive grants in Banjar Regency amounted to 5,428.89 HOK who were workers outside the family increased from the initial number of 2,215.05 HOK, and the additional workforce in the family was 575.01 HOK, from the initial number before receiving competitive grants of 3,112.17 HOK increased to 3,687.18 HOK.